- Logic is the study of reasoning.
- Logic examines general forms which arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which are fallacies.
- Two parts of logic :
Inductive reasoning - give general conclusion from specific example.
Deductive reasoning - give logical conclusion from definitions and axioms.
- In mathematics, a proof is a convincing demonstration that some mathematical statement is necessarily true.
- Also, proof is a sequence of inferences that starts with the axioms, and leads to the particular statement you wish to prove.
- A proof must demonstrate that a statement is true in all cases, without a single exception.
- Some terms :
Theorem - The statement that is proved.
Lemma - The statement which use as a stepping stone in the proof of another theorem.
